Architectural Movements
18 movements in the taxonomy
Organic Architecture
1900 – present
Architecture in harmony with humanity and its environment, pioneered by Frank Lloyd Wright.
Bauhaus
1919 – 1933
German school and movement integrating art, craft, and industrial design.
International Style
1920 – 1970
Characterised by volume over mass, regularity, and avoidance of ornament.
Modernism
1920 – 1970
Early-to-mid 20th century movement emphasising function, new materials, and rejection of ornament.
Mid-century Modern
1945 – 1969
Post-war modern design emphasising clean lines, integration with nature, and new materials.
Brutalism
1950 – 1970
Raw concrete and expressive structural forms, often monumental in scale.
Metabolism
1960 – 1975
Japanese post-war movement envisioning cities and buildings as organic, growing structures.
Structural Expressionism
1960 – present
Architecture where structural systems are celebrated as the primary aesthetic element.
Postmodernism
1970 – 1990
Reaction against modernist austerity, embracing historical reference, colour, and irony.
High-Tech Architecture
1970 – present
Celebration of technology, structure, and services as visible design elements.
Adaptive Reuse
1980 – present
Repurposing existing buildings for new functions while preserving architectural character.
Critical Regionalism
1980 – present
Modern architecture rooted in local context, climate, and cultural identity.
Deconstructivism
1980 – present
Fragmented, non-rectilinear forms challenging conventional structural logic.
Minimalism
1980 – present
Reduction to essential forms, materials, and spatial experiences.
Sustainable Architecture
1990 – present
Design prioritising environmental performance, energy efficiency, and ecological responsibility.
Contemporary Architecture
2000 – present
Current architectural production reflecting diverse global practices and technologies.
Parametricism
2000 – present
Architecture driven by algorithmic and parametric design processes.
Mass Timber Architecture
2010 – present
Large-scale construction using engineered wood products such as CLT and glulam.